Multi-Resource Screening and Physics-Based Sizing of a PV–Oscillating Water Column Hybrid Microgrid for Ujong Batee, Indonesia

Abstract

Coastal energy projects frequently combine all available renewable resources without first testing whether each resource is technically meaningful at the intended scale. This study develops a transparent screening and sizing procedure for a photovoltaic (PV)-oscillating water column (OWC) microgrid in Ujong Batee, Aceh, Indonesia, while explicitly evaluating whether locally measured wind should be retained. Daily solar irradiation and significant wave height-energy period data for April 2024 were reprocessed, and field wind measurements from April-June 2024 were statistically reviewed. Wave power was recalculated from the deep-water energy-flux equation to remove arithmetic inconsistencies in the source table. The corrected mean solar resource was 5.44 ± 0.28 kWh/m²/day, while the wave resource was 14.06 ± 5.66 kW/m for Hs = 1.80 ± 0.45 m and Te = 8.57 ± 1.57 s. The daytime wind series averaged 5.06 ± 0.60 m/s, corresponding to only 79.5 W/m² of gross kinetic power density and lacking nocturnal and hub-height coverage; wind was therefore classified as conditional rather than included in the base design. For a design load of ten 350-W pumps operated for eight hours per day, a 10 m² PV array produces 8.70 kWh/day. At an assumed 12% overall wave-to-wire efficiency, the minimum OWC capture width is 0.48 m, increasing to 0.62 m for a 20% energy reserve. A practical 0.65 m OWC module combined with the PV array yields 35.0 kWh/day and a 25.1% reserve. The main contribution is not merely a hybrid configuration, but a defensible resource-selection rule that prevents low-confidence resources from inflating system performance claims.